The Student Residency dataset is produced annually by the State Higher Education Executive Officers Association (SHEEO) to broaden understanding of state and sector variation in the enrollment and breakout of tuition revenue from resident and nonresident students. Since 2020, student residency data are collected as part of the State Higher Education Finance (SHEF) project and will be published annually.

Over the last several decades, postsecondary institutions have increasingly enrolled out-of-state and international nonresident students. 1 1National Center for Education Statistics. (2022). Table 309.30. Residence and migration of all first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates in 4-year degree-granting postsecondary institutions who graduated from high school in the previous 12 months, by state or jurisdiction: Fall 2020. Digest of Education Statistics. nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_309.30.asp; National Center for Education Statistics. (1990). Table 189. Residence and migration of all freshmen students in 4-year colleges graduating from high school in the past 12 months, by State: Fall 1988. Digest of Education Statistics. nces.ed.gov/pubs91/91660.pdf VIEW ALL FOOTNOTES The increase in out-of-state enrollment has important implications for state higher education funding and policy. Public institutions, particularly research institutions, increased nonresident student enrollment in part to increase their tuition revenue as state funding declined and became less stable. 2 2Jaquette, O., & Curs, B. R. (2015). Creating the out-of-state university: Do public universities increase nonresident freshman enrollment in response to declining state appropriations? Research in Higher Education, 56(6), 535–565. doi.org/10.1007/s11162-015-9362-2 VIEW ALL FOOTNOTES Nonresident student enrollment can increase tuition revenue for public institutions in two ways. First, institutions are more likely to have control over setting and raising nonresident tuition rates. 3 3State Higher Education Executive Officers Association internal dataset on state tuition, fee, and financial assistance policies. sheeo.org/project/tuition-and-fee-survey/ VIEW ALL FOOTNOTES Second, out-of-state and international nonresident students pay much higher tuition rates than state residents. 4 4Ma, J.; Pender, M; and Hu, X. (2025). Trends in college pricing and student aid 2025. College Board. https://research.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/Trends-in-College-Pricing-and-Student-Aid-2025-final_1.pdf VIEW ALL FOOTNOTES

SHEEO collects state-level full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment and tuition and fee revenue for in-state resident and out-of-state nonresident students by sector at public institutions. Student residency data for two-year institutions is not required, so tables and figures show four-year FTE enrollment and tuition and fee revenue by residency only. Two-year student residency data is available for a limited number of states by request. FTE student enrollment and net tuition and fee revenue is not collected by residency in numerous states, so estimated data and missing states are included in the footnotes of each table and figure.

The data summarized in these figures and tables are student residency presented in fiscal years. For example, fiscal year 2025 ran from July 1, 2024, to June 30, 2025 for most states. The corresponding academic year for fiscal year 2025 began in the fall of 2024.

For total state- and four-year-level enrollment and net tuition and fee revenue data on student residency, see FTE Enrollment and Net Tuition and Fee Revenue.

Data Download

Download the complete dataset for all available years of data on student residency at public institutions. The data download includes a table that presents states and years in which they did not report data or provide estimates. Please update any previously saved student residency data using this file, as prior years include revisions that are not captured in previously released student residency tables. Data elements are not available prior to 2020.

2020-2025 Student Residency Data – Complete Download (.xlsx) Last updated July 2026

Student Residency Report

Despite the growing importance of nonresident tuition revenue in many public institutions’ budgets, there is little information about exactly how much of an institution’s tuition revenue comes from nonresident tuition and fees. To fill this gap and provide useful data for states and institutions, SHEEO began collecting data on residency annually as part of the fiscal year (FY) 2020 State Higher Education Finance (SHEF) project. This report provides the first look at a new set of state-level data on tuition revenue and student enrollment by residency for FY 2020 and 2021. All data presented in this report are for four-year public institutions.

The tables in this section provide state-level resident and nonresident FTE enrollment data at four-year institutions. States that reported estimates are noted with an asterisk(*).

Resident FTE

Table 1.1 shows state-level in-state resident FTE enrollment at four-year institutions and percentage change. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 1.1

Four-Year Net In-State Resident Full-Time Equivalent Enrollment by State, FY 2020-2025

2020 2024 2025 % Change Since 2024 % Change Since 2020
Alabama* 94,086 90,736 93,364 2.9% -0.8%
Alaska 14,298 12,050 12,111 0.5% -15.3%
Arizona 108,400 110,931 117,171 5.6% 8.1%
Arkansas* 59,283 54,565 56,142 2.9% -5.3%
California 605,391 594,923 611,115 2.7% 0.9%
Colorado 93,397 88,052 88,027 0.0% -5.7%
Connecticut* 32,084 29,559 31,036 5.0% -3.3%
Delaware* 10,707 10,872 11,989 10.3% 12.0%
Florida 263,129 255,267 261,288 2.4% -0.7%
Georgia 224,563 224,919 236,124 5.0% 5.1%
Hawaii 13,482 12,505 13,180 5.4% -2.2%
Idaho 28,387 27,357 28,806 5.3% 1.5%
Illinois 127,019 117,015 116,774 -0.2% -8.1%
Indiana 121,982 113,559 116,275 2.4% -4.7%
Iowa 42,466 38,146 38,367 0.6% -9.7%
Kansas 57,045 52,385 52,905 1.0% -7.3%
Kentucky 70,538 67,885 69,847 2.9% -1.0%
Louisiana 103,997 98,679 100,861 2.2% -3.0%
Maine 17,978 15,364 15,672 2.0% -12.8%
Maryland N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* 208,452 188,661 191,454 1.5% -8.2%
Minnesota 76,761 69,534 72,009 3.6% -6.2%
Mississippi 45,470 42,073 42,532 1.1% -6.5%
Missouri 80,770 69,560 69,126 -0.6% -14.4%
Montana 19,170 16,413 16,753 2.1% -12.6%
Nebraska 37,162 36,608 36,900 0.8% -0.7%
Nevada 38,226 39,918 41,986 5.2% 9.8%
New Hampshire 13,097 11,110 11,200 0.8% -14.5%
New Jersey 150,390 144,959 151,414 4.5% 0.7%
New Mexico 29,617 32,751 32,951 0.6% 11.3%
New York 289,540 262,095 266,946 1.9% -7.8%
North Carolina 184,690 181,577 183,833 1.2% -0.5%
North Dakota 11,215 12,210 11,986 -1.8% 6.9%
Ohio 219,708 190,694 195,215 2.4% -11.1%
Oklahoma* 68,871 66,097 69,542 5.2% 1.0%
Oregon 50,950 48,806 49,905 2.3% -2.1%
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island 13,584 12,051 12,580 4.4% -7.4%
South Carolina 72,370 70,297 71,090 1.1% -1.8%
South Dakota 15,061 14,477 15,153 4.7% 0.6%
Tennessee 90,818 94,722 87,475 -7.7% -3.7%
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah 85,363 86,011 88,221 2.6% 3.3%
Vermont 7,507 6,023 6,154 2.2% -18.0%
Virginia 154,724 151,097 154,493 2.2% -0.1%
Washington* 85,403 72,490 76,331 5.3% -10.6%
West Virginia 33,723 29,304 29,613 1.1% -12.2%
Wisconsin 100,521 92,343 93,470 1.2% -7.0%
Wyoming 6,911 6,616 6,765 2.3% -2.1%
D.C. 2,419 2,265 2,438 7.6% 0.8%
U.S. 4,278,306 4,063,266 4,156,151 2.3% -2.9%
Notes:
  1. Full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment by residency is the breakout of FTE enrollment at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements. Medical FTE are excluded, but dual enrollment students are included in state totals.
  2. In-state FTE includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state FTE includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  4. Four-year FTE enrollment by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, Oklahoma, and Washington for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2025. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  5. Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year FTE enrollment for 2020-2025. These states are excluded from this table and the U.S. total.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Nonresident FTE

Table 1.2 shows state-level out-of-state nonresident FTE enrollment at four-year institutions and percentage change. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 1.2

Four-Year Net Out-of-State Nonresident Full-Time Equivalent Enrollment by State, FY 2020-2025

2020 2024 2025 % Change Since 2024 % Change Since 2020
Alabama* 52,574 53,667 56,174 4.7% 6.8%
Alaska 753 634 637 0.5% -15.4%
Arizona 86,562 110,956 132,128 19.1% 52.6%
Arkansas* 20,832 24,352 25,545 4.9% 22.6%
California 76,362 73,485 72,382 -1.5% -5.2%
Colorado 33,917 35,164 36,215 3.0% 6.8%
Connecticut* 24,559 24,809 26,049 5.0% 6.1%
Delaware* 16,452 18,513 17,222 -7.0% 4.7%
Florida 34,027 43,782 45,289 3.4% 33.1%
Georgia 49,176 59,276 63,650 7.4% 29.4%
Hawaii 6,844 8,218 8,310 1.1% 21.4%
Idaho 11,533 13,194 13,338 1.1% 15.7%
Illinois 39,245 42,590 42,351 -0.6% 7.9%
Indiana 60,459 70,692 75,035 6.1% 24.1%
Iowa 27,176 26,760 28,110 5.0% 3.4%
Kansas 21,453 21,809 23,221 6.5% 8.2%
Kentucky 26,359 29,042 30,428 4.8% 15.4%
Louisiana 17,347 25,109 28,175 12.2% 62.4%
Maine 6,055 7,753 9,016 16.3% 48.9%
Maryland N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* 40,454 43,070 43,297 0.5% 7.0%
Minnesota 29,421 25,475 26,205 2.9% -10.9%
Mississippi 24,734 25,425 27,761 9.2% 12.2%
Missouri 31,114 32,368 30,801 -4.8% -1.0%
Montana 9,696 11,656 11,870 1.8% 22.4%
Nebraska 12,575 11,623 11,533 -0.8% -8.3%
Nevada 9,647 8,498 8,265 -2.7% -14.3%
New Hampshire 12,539 11,433 11,121 -2.7% -11.3%
New Jersey 16,710 16,107 16,824 4.5% 0.7%
New Mexico 6,929 9,189 9,210 0.2% 32.9%
New York 34,083 33,055 34,579 4.6% 1.5%
North Carolina 31,575 35,620 38,456 8.0% 21.8%
North Dakota 14,744 13,823 14,871 7.6% 0.9%
Ohio 61,421 59,908 61,282 2.3% -0.2%
Oklahoma* 19,713 18,885 19,869 5.2% 0.8%
Oregon 30,799 31,026 32,003 3.1% 3.9%
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island 9,024 9,463 9,040 -4.5% 0.2%
South Carolina 38,701 45,319 47,284 4.3% 22.2%
South Dakota 11,062 10,913 11,311 3.6% 2.3%
Tennessee 21,328 21,492 29,670 38.1% 39.1%
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah 17,538 21,345 22,840 7.0% 30.2%
Vermont 10,486 11,345 11,363 0.2% 8.4%
Virginia 50,183 54,747 56,742 3.6% 13.1%
Washington* 26,199 23,877 24,604 3.0% -6.1%
West Virginia 20,687 19,383 19,112 -1.4% -7.6%
Wisconsin 41,710 45,150 45,685 1.2% 9.5%
Wyoming 3,802 2,836 2,709 -4.5% -28.7%
D.C. 757 648 524 -19.1% -30.8%
U.S. 1,248,559 1,342,836 1,411,582 5.1% 13.1%
Notes:
  1. Full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment by residency is the breakout of FTE enrollment at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements. Medical FTE are excluded, but dual enrollment students are included in state totals.
  2. In-state FTE includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state FTE includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  4. Four-year FTE enrollment by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, Oklahoma, and Washington for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2025. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  5. Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year FTE enrollment for 2020-2025. These states are excluded from this table and the U.S. total.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Percentage of FTE Enrollment

The table and figure in this section provide the state-level percentage of resident and nonresident FTE enrollment at four-year institutions. States that reported estimates are noted with an asterisk(*).

Resident FTE Percentage

Table 1.3 shows the state-level percentage of FTE students enrolled at four-year institutions classified as in-state resident and percentage point changes. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 1.3

Percentage of Four-Year In-State Resident Full-Time Equivalent Enrollment by State, FY 2020-2025

2020 2024 2025 Change Since 2024 Change Since 2020
Alabama* 64.2% 62.8% 62.4% -0.4 -1.7
Alaska 95.0% 95.0% 95.0% 0.0 0.0
Arizona 55.6% 50.0% 47.0% -3.0 -8.6
Arkansas* 73.8% 69.1% 68.7% -0.4 -5.1
California 88.8% 89.0% 89.4% 0.4 0.6
Colorado 73.4% 71.5% 70.9% -0.6 -2.5
Connecticut* 56.6% 54.4% 54.4% 0.0 -2.3
Delaware* 39.4% 37.0% 41.0% 4.0 1.6
Florida 88.5% 85.4% 85.2% -0.1 -3.3
Georgia 82.0% 79.1% 78.8% -0.4 -3.3
Hawaii 66.3% 60.3% 61.3% 1.0 -5.0
Idaho 71.1% 67.5% 68.4% 0.9 -2.8
Illinois 76.4% 73.3% 73.4% 0.1 -3.0
Indiana 66.9% 61.6% 60.8% -0.9 -6.1
Iowa 61.0% 58.8% 57.7% -1.1 -3.3
Kansas 72.7% 70.6% 69.5% -1.1 -3.2
Kentucky 72.8% 70.0% 69.7% -0.4 -3.1
Louisiana 85.7% 79.7% 78.2% -1.6 -7.5
Maine 74.8% 66.5% 63.5% -3.0 -11.3
Maryland N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* 83.7% 81.4% 81.6% 0.1 -2.2
Minnesota 72.3% 73.2% 73.3% 0.1 1.0
Mississippi 64.8% 62.3% 60.5% -1.8 -4.3
Missouri 72.2% 68.2% 69.1% 0.9 -3.1
Montana 66.4% 58.5% 58.5% 0.1 -7.9
Nebraska 74.7% 75.9% 76.2% 0.3 1.5
Nevada 79.9% 82.4% 83.6% 1.1 3.7
New Hampshire 51.1% 49.3% 50.2% 0.9 -0.9
New Jersey 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 0.0 0.0
New Mexico 81.0% 78.1% 78.2% 0.1 -2.9
New York 89.2% 88.1% 87.9% -0.2 -1.3
North Carolina 85.4% 83.6% 82.7% -0.9 -2.7
North Dakota 43.2% 46.9% 44.6% -2.3 1.4
Ohio 78.2% 76.1% 76.1% 0.0 -2.0
Oklahoma* 77.0% 77.0% 77.0% 0.0 0.0
Oregon 62.3% 61.1% 60.9% -0.2 -1.4
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island 60.1% 56.0% 58.2% 2.2 -1.9
South Carolina 65.2% 60.8% 60.1% -0.7 -5.1
South Dakota 57.7% 57.0% 57.3% 0.2 -0.4
Tennessee 81.0% 81.5% 74.7% -6.8 -6.3
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah 83.0% 80.1% 79.4% -0.7 -3.5
Vermont 41.7% 34.7% 35.1% 0.5 -6.6
Virginia 75.5% 73.4% 73.1% -0.3 -2.4
Washington* 76.5% 75.2% 75.6% 0.4 -0.9
West Virginia 62.0% 60.2% 60.8% 0.6 -1.2
Wisconsin 70.7% 67.2% 67.2% 0.0 -3.5
Wyoming 64.5% 70.0% 71.4% 1.4 6.9
D.C. 76.2% 70.5% 75.2% 4.7 -0.9
U.S. 77.4% 75.1% 74.6% -0.5 -2.8
Notes:
  1. Full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment by residency is the breakout of FTE enrollment at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements. Medical FTE are excluded, but dual enrollment students are included in state totals.
  2. In-state FTE includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state FTE includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Year change columns show percentage point increases or decreases, not percent change.
  4. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  5. Four-year FTE enrollment by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, Oklahoma, and Washington for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2025. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  6. Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year FTE enrollment for 2020-2025. These states are excluded from this table and the U.S. total.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Nonresident FTE Percentage

Figure 1 shows the state-level percentage of FTE students enrolled at four-year institutions classified as out-of-state nonresident. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Figure 1

Out-of-State Students as a Percentage of Net FTE Enrollment at Four-Year Public Institutions by State, FY 2025


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Notes:
  1. Full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment by residency is the breakout of FTE enrollment at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements. Medical FTE are excluded, but dual enrollment students are included in state totals.
  2. In-state FTE includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state FTE includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Four-year FTE enrollment by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, Oklahoma, and Washington in 2025. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  4. Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakdowns for four-year FTE enrollment and are excluded from this figure and the U.S. total.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

The tables in this section provide the state-level resident and nonresident net tuition and fee revenue data at four-year institutions. States that reported estimates are noted with an asterisk(*).

Resident Tuition Revenue

Table 2.1 shows state-level tuition and fee revenue collected from in-state resident students at four-year institutions and percentage changes. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 2.1

Four-Year In-State Resident Tuition and Fee Revenue Per FTE by State, FY 2020-2025 (Constant Adjusted Dollars)

2020 2024 2025 % Change Since 2024 % Change Since 2020
Alabama $15,584 $15,019 $14,177 -5.6% -9.0%
Alaska $5,152 $4,576 $4,132 -9.7% -19.8%
Arizona* $10,906 $10,770 $11,007 2.2% 0.9%
Arkansas* $8,103 $8,291 $7,378 -11.0% -8.9%
California $5,038 $3,504 $3,411 -2.6% -32.3%
Colorado $10,780 $11,852 $11,785 -0.6% 9.3%
Connecticut* $10,838 $17,493 $17,416 -0.4% 60.7%
Delaware* $29,790 $25,358 $23,713 -6.5% -20.4%
Florida $1,458 $652 $721 10.6% -50.5%
Georgia* $5,961 $4,399 $4,444 1.0% -25.4%
Hawaii* $5,835 $5,094 $4,772 -6.3% -18.2%
Idaho $8,981 $8,660 $9,566 10.5% 6.5%
Illinois $11,134 $8,848 $8,446 -4.5% -24.1%
Indiana $9,182 $8,208 $7,601 -7.4% -17.2%
Iowa $11,591 $11,500 $11,447 -0.5% -1.2%
Kansas $8,068 $8,024 $7,725 -3.7% -4.2%
Kentucky* $11,528 $8,683 $7,960 -8.3% -30.9%
Louisiana* $6,948 $6,601 $5,921 -10.3% -14.8%
Maine* $9,557 $5,416 $5,839 7.8% -38.9%
Maryland N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* N/A $21,577 $21,091 -2.3% N/A
Minnesota $13,593 $12,345 $10,979 -11.1% -19.2%
Mississippi $12,224 $11,499 $11,392 -0.9% -6.8%
Missouri $11,215 $11,659 $11,741 0.7% 4.7%
Montana $6,019 $5,180 $5,094 -1.7% -15.4%
Nebraska $9,295 $7,910 $7,628 -3.6% -17.9%
Nevada* $3,321 $2,372 $2,384 0.5% -28.2%
New Hampshire $10,038 $7,901 $7,456 -5.6% -25.7%
New Jersey $10,277 $9,116 $8,261 -9.4% -19.6%
New Mexico* $5,824 $2,754 $3,209 16.5% -44.9%
New York N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
North Carolina $6,615 $5,784 $5,835 0.9% -11.8%
North Dakota* $10,141 $9,838 $9,446 -4.0% -6.9%
Ohio* $14,588 $13,941 $12,420 -10.9% -14.9%
Oklahoma* $12,525 $11,857 $10,722 -9.6% -14.4%
Oregon N/A $10,207 $10,253 0.5% N/A
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island* $7,966 $7,443 $6,816 -8.4% -14.4%
South Carolina $11,754 $9,790 $10,440 6.6% -11.2%
South Dakota $11,545 $9,391 $9,099 -3.1% -21.2%
Tennessee* $10,085 $10,551 $10,293 -2.5% 2.1%
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah $7,734 $7,431 $7,514 1.1% -2.8%
Vermont* $11,716 $11,022 $10,606 -3.8% -9.5%
Virginia* $9,865 $7,861 $6,990 -11.1% -29.1%
Washington* $9,304 $12,691 $13,049 2.8% 40.2%
West Virginia $7,222 $6,315 $5,441 -13.9% -24.7%
Wisconsin $8,039 $7,972 $7,972 0.0% -0.8%
Wyoming $2,859 $2,878 $2,725 -5.3% -4.7%
D.C. $3,911 $4,417 $4,136 -6.4% 5.8%
U.S. $8,283 $7,960 $7,668 -3.7% -7.4%
Notes:
  1. Net tuition and fee revenue by residency is the breakout of net tuition and fee revenue at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements.
  2. In-state net tuition and fee revenue includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state net tuition and fee revenue includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  4. Four-year breakout of tuition and fee revenue by residency are estimates for Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2025. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  5. Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year net tuition and fee revenue per FTE for one or more years from 2020-2025. These states are excluded from the table for the U.S. average for all missing years.
  6. Adjustment factors to arrive at constant dollar figures include Cost of Living Index (COLI) and Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Nonresident Tuition Revenue

Table 2.2 shows state-level tuition and fee revenue collected from out-of-state nonresident students at four-year institutions and percentage changes. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 2.2

Four-Year Out-of-State Nonresident Tuition and Fee Revenue Per FTE by State, FY 2020-2025 (Constant Adjusted Dollars)

2020 2024 2025 % Change Since 2024 % Change Since 2020
Alabama $31,792 $30,571 $28,479 -6.8% -10.4%
Alaska $18,794 $12,469 $12,740 2.2% -32.2%
Arizona* $20,501 $18,334 $16,620 -9.3% -18.9%
Arkansas* $15,257 $15,672 $13,701 -12.6% -10.2%
California $28,926 $25,209 $25,198 0.0% -12.9%
Colorado $34,829 $31,350 $29,604 -5.6% -15.0%
Connecticut* $25,574 $7,754 $7,330 -5.5% -71.3%
Delaware* $30,562 $25,685 $28,108 9.4% -8.0%
Florida $12,827 $11,735 $11,379 -3.0% -11.3%
Georgia* $12,808 $11,243 $10,995 -2.2% -14.1%
Hawaii* $10,194 $8,785 $8,039 -8.5% -21.1%
Idaho $16,955 $15,556 $14,982 -3.7% -11.6%
Illinois $18,371 $18,278 $18,148 -0.7% -1.2%
Indiana $28,848 $26,021 $24,812 -4.6% -14.0%
Iowa $27,099 $24,845 $24,853 0.0% -8.3%
Kansas $23,234 $18,961 $18,723 -1.3% -19.4%
Kentucky* $22,533 $21,818 $19,688 -9.8% -12.6%
Louisiana* $6,948 $6,601 $5,921 -10.3% -14.8%
Maine* $11,432 $15,973 $13,766 -13.8% 20.4%
Maryland N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* N/A $23,352 $22,633 -3.1% N/A
Minnesota $20,808 $20,687 $20,811 0.6% 0.0%
Mississippi $14,377 $16,323 $17,065 4.5% 18.7%
Missouri $11,215 $11,659 $11,740 0.7% 4.7%
Montana $17,465 $16,990 $17,114 0.7% -2.0%
Nebraska $16,253 $13,591 $14,095 3.7% -13.3%
Nevada* $5,878 $4,166 $3,915 -6.0% -33.4%
New Hampshire $17,470 $15,809 $15,626 -1.2% -10.6%
New Jersey $23,123 $14,478 $13,121 -9.4% -43.3%
New Mexico* $20,616 $8,128 $9,508 17.0% -53.9%
New York N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
North Carolina $25,360 $23,327 $22,555 -3.3% -11.1%
North Dakota* $14,819 $13,999 $12,539 -10.4% -15.4%
Ohio* $15,197 $14,422 $12,915 -10.5% -15.0%
Oklahoma* $12,525 $13,131 $11,874 -9.6% -5.2%
Oregon N/A $18,728 $18,839 0.6% N/A
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island* $16,604 $16,055 $14,379 -10.4% -13.4%
South Carolina $27,590 $22,315 $24,123 8.1% -12.6%
South Dakota $12,421 $11,434 $11,077 -3.1% -10.8%
Tennessee* $21,145 $21,532 $21,004 -2.5% -0.7%
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah $15,607 $14,587 $14,562 -0.2% -6.7%
Vermont* $26,356 $21,793 $21,773 -0.1% -17.4%
Virginia* $26,364 $23,293 $23,257 -0.2% -11.8%
Washington* $17,359 $12,691 $8,313 -34.5% -52.1%
West Virginia $15,786 $13,404 $11,846 -11.6% -25.0%
Wisconsin $17,711 $17,648 $17,451 -1.1% -1.5%
Wyoming $8,573 $7,280 $6,867 -5.7% -19.9%
D.C. $11,154 $3,860 $3,665 -5.0% -67.1%
U.S. $20,636 $18,227 $17,516 -3.9% -15.1%
Notes:
  1. Net tuition and fee revenue by residency is the breakout of net tuition and fee revenue at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements.
  2. In-state net tuition and fee revenue includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state net tuition and fee revenue includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  4. Four-year breakout of tuition and fee revenue by residency are estimates for Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2025. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  5. Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year net tuition and fee revenue per FTE for at least one year from 2020-2025. These states are excluded from the table for the U.S. average for all missing years.
  6. Adjustment factors to arrive at constant dollar figures include Cost of Living Index (COLI) and Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Percentage of Tuition Revenue

The table and figure in this section provide the state-level percentage of net tuition and fee revenue collected from resident and nonresident students at four-year institutions. States that reported estimates are noted with an asterisk(*).

Resident Tuition Revenue Percentage

Table 2.3 shows the state-level percentage of tuition and fee revenue collected from in-state resident students at four-year institutions and percentage point changes. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 2.3

Percentage of Four-Year In-State Resident Tuition and Fee Revenue by State, FY 2020-2025

2020 2024 2025 Change Since 2024 Change Since 2020
Alabama 46.7% 45.4% 45.3% -0.1 -1.5
Alaska 83.9% 87.5% 86.0% -1.4 2.2
Arizona* 40.0% 37.0% 37.0% 0.0 -3.0
Arkansas* 60.2% 54.2% 54.2% 0.0 -6.0
California 57.7% 52.5% 52.9% 0.4 -4.8
Colorado 46.0% 48.6% 49.2% 0.5 3.2
Connecticut* 35.6% 70.0% 71.0% 1.0 35.4
Delaware* 38.8% 36.7% 37.0% 0.3 -1.8
Florida 46.8% 24.5% 26.8% 2.3 -20.0
Georgia* 68.0% 59.8% 60.0% 0.2 -8.0
Hawaii* 53.0% 46.9% 48.5% 1.6 -4.5
Idaho 56.5% 53.6% 57.9% 4.4 1.5
Illinois 66.2% 57.0% 55.8% -1.2 -10.4
Indiana 39.1% 33.6% 32.2% -1.4 -6.9
Iowa 40.1% 39.8% 38.6% -1.2 -1.5
Kansas 48.0% 50.4% 48.5% -2.0 0.4
Kentucky* 57.8% 48.2% 47.3% -0.9 -10.5
Louisiana* 85.7% 79.7% 78.2% -1.6 -7.5
Maine* 71.3% 40.2% 42.4% 2.2 -28.8
Maryland N/A 55.3% 55.2% -0.1 N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* N/A 80.2% 80.5% 0.3 N/A
Minnesota 63.0% 62.0% 56.1% -5.9 -7.0
Mississippi 57.2% 51.1% 48.1% -3.0 -9.2
Missouri 72.2% 68.2% 69.1% 0.9 -3.1
Montana 38.2% 28.3% 27.8% -0.5 -10.4
Nebraska 62.8% 64.7% 63.4% -1.3 0.6
Nevada* 69.1% 72.8% 75.6% 2.8 6.5
New Hampshire 37.5% 32.7% 32.5% -0.2 -5.0
New Jersey 80.0% 85.0% 85.0% 0.0 5.0
New Mexico* 54.7% 54.7% 54.7% 0.0 0.0
New York N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
North Carolina 60.4% 55.8% 55.3% -0.5 -5.1
North Dakota* 34.2% 38.3% 37.8% -0.5 3.5
Ohio* 77.4% 75.5% 75.4% -0.1 -2.1
Oklahoma* 77.0% 74.9% 74.9% 0.0 -2.1
Oregon N/A 42.3% 42.4% 0.1 N/A
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island* 41.9% 34.9% 37.4% 2.4 -4.5
South Carolina 42.4% 39.0% 38.2% -0.8 -4.2
South Dakota 55.9% 52.1% 52.4% 0.2 -3.5
Tennessee* 67.0% 68.4% 59.1% -9.3 -7.9
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah 70.7% 67.2% 66.6% -0.7 -4.1
Vermont* 24.1% 21.2% 20.9% -0.3 -3.3
Virginia* 53.6% 48.2% 45.0% -3.2 -8.6
Washington* 63.6% 75.2% 83.0% 7.7 19.4
West Virginia 41.4% 38.2% 38.6% 0.4 -2.8
Wisconsin 52.2% 48.0% 48.3% 0.3 -3.9
Wyoming 37.7% 48.0% 49.8% 1.8 12.0
D.C. 52.8% 80.0% 84.0% 4.0 31.2
U.S. 56.5% 55.5% 54.8% -0.7 -1.6
Notes:
  1. Net tuition and fee revenue by residency is the breakout of net tuition and fee revenue at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements.
  2. In-state net tuition and fee revenue includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state net tuition and fee revenue includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Year change columns show percentage point increases or decreases, not percent change.
  4. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  5. Four-year breakout of tuition and fee revenue by residency are estimates for Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2025. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  6. Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year net tuition and fee revenue per FTE for at least one year from 2020-2025. These states are excluded from the table for the U.S. average for all missing years.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Nonresident Tuition Revenue Percentage

Figure 2 shows the state-level percentage of tuition and fee revenue collected from out-of-state nonresident students at four-year institutions. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Figure 2

Out-of-State Tuition as a Percentage of Net Tuition and Fee Revenue at Four-Year Public Institutions by State, FY 2025


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Notes:
  1. Net tuition and fee revenue by residency is the breakout of net tuition and fee revenue at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements.
  2. In-state net tuition and fee revenue includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state net tuition and fee revenue includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Four-year breakout of tuition and fee revenue by residency are estimates for Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington in 2025. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  4. Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakdowns for four-year tuition and fee revenue and are excluded from this figure and the U.S. total.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
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